Lets talk about the mutual intelligibility and similarities of the germanic languages. Mutual intelligibility between west and south slavic languages article pdf available in russian linguistics 393 november 2015 with 1,024 reads how we measure reads. To what degree are turkic languages mutually intelligible. In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. A high degree of mutual intelligibility mi is observed when speakers of different languages can efficiently communicate with each other using their native varieties. It is commonly believed that all slavic languages are fully mutually intelligible, which implies that they are close. Language cluster was defined as where together with sociolinguistic factors and the issue of mutual intelligibility the percentage of related words is not less than 70 per cent and the figure of 80 per cent was adopted for dialect cluster. There is also a high degree of mutual intelligibility among the various oghuz languages, which include turkish. Most of the languages are fairly close to each other, and its often been said that they are all mutually intelligible, and you can go from turkey all the way to the.
English scots frisian german luxembourgish yiddish dutch afrikaans north germanic. Article information, pdf download for receptive multilingualism and. Mutual intelligibility among the turkic languages turkic is a large family of about 40 languages stretching from turkey all the way to china. Request pdf receptive multilingualism and language. Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages intelligibility. A brief introduction to the turkish language pangeanic. Mutual intelligibility wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used.
Languages in peripheral areas, however, tend to have many innovations due to the historical mobility of the turkic peoples, and to contact with other language families. Regarding this background, we designed an experiment within the framework of receptive. There was a question on quantifying mutual intelligibility a while ago, in which i pointed to blairs lexical similarity quantification as one way of assessing mutual. Molise croatian is a croatian language spoken in a few towns in italy, such as croatians left croatia and came to italy around 0. Some forums can only be seen by registered members. Mutual intelligibility is a situation in which two or more speakers of a language or of closely related languages can understand each other. Even if there is a low degree of mutual intellibility between some turkic languages, they still can have a basic conversation in everdaylife situations, such as buying, selling, asking way, speaking about weather, asking for help, emergency situations, hospital, pharmacy, ordering a meal at a restaurant, buying ticket and so other basic daily. Uzbek and uyghur, kazakh and karakalpak, kyrgyz and altai, tatar and bashkir have a high degree of mutual intelligibility. Ma robert lindsay mutual intelligibility among the turkic. Mutual intelligibility of standard and regional dutch. Are turkish, turkmen, uzbek, and kazakh all mutually. Pdf mutual intelligibility among the turkic languages robert.
It is a member of the kazakhnogai subgroup of the kypchak languages, and modern day language convergence has resulted in an increasing degree of mutual intelligibility between kyrgyz and kazakh. Mutual intelligibility in slavic language specific. The nomadic culture of many turkic peoples and the relative absence of geographic barriers to communication has resulted in a high degree of similarity and hence mutual intelligibility among most of the languages. We argue that mutual intelligibility testing is an adequate way to determine how different two languages or language varieties are. Pdf mutual intelligibility of languages in the slavic. The turkic language family, like any other language family, is divided into subgroups and one can be certain that within each subgroup, mutual intelligibility. That is, there is some intelligibility between most of the turkic languages, but generally below 90%. So, i was reading a book and in its discussion on dialect language. Mutual intelligibility among the turkic languages beyond.
The truth is that the mutual intelligibility in turkic is much less. This is discussed in more but still possibly insufficient detail on the website. Receptive intelligibility of turkish to iranianazerbaijani speakers mohammad salehi 1 and aydin neysani abstract. Mutual intelligibility is an important aspect used by linguists in determining whether what someone is speaking is a unique language or simply a dialect of another one. These mutually intelligible languages will make you do a double take. Under colonialism, thailand was an independent kingdom, but laos was under french rule. Mutual intelligibility among the slavic languages by robert lindsay the mutual intelligibility mi of the languages of the slavic family is an interesting topic because many are mutually intelligible to one degree or another. Mutual intelligibility in the slavic language area 66 3. In linguistics, two languages are said to be mutually intelligible if speakers of the two languages can understand one another without any prior knowledge or effort. In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which. Neighbouring turkic languages tend to be more mutually intelligible compared to those at a greater geographical remove. Mutual intelligibility between languages can be very hard to study because of political reasons. Languages understandable to englishspeakers without learning. The rule is, the languages in the same subgroup will have higher mutual intelligibility.
The bestknown member of this language family, mongolian, is the primary language of most of the residents of mongolia and the mongols residents of inner mongolia, with an estimated 5. The turkic languages are a language family of at least 35 documented languages, spoken by. Its important to note that mutual intelligibility is highly subjective. The mutual intelligibility of l2 speech studies in. Language varieties dialects and languages 2712009 4 mutual intelligibility between. Turkish language difficulty and mutual intelligibility. Receptive intelligibility of turkish to iranianazerbaijani speakers. Like between the slavic languages, there is also many similarities and in some also mutual intelligibility between germanic languages. Pdf mutual intelligibility among the turkic languages. Between sources, you might find some claiming that two languages are mutually intelligible, while other sources claim those same languages arent. Receptive intelligibility of turkish to iranianazerbaijani. Mutual intelligibility wikipedia republished wiki 2. Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in europe pdf.
Introduction and related work determining degrees of similarity between the worlds languages is an intensely debated issue lebart and rajman, 2000, many of the controversies in historical and com. Ussr divided the central asian turkic speech communities into separate languages. These mutually intelligible languages will make you do a. The following division combines the current areal distribution with genealogical and typological. Regardless of native language background, the listener groups showed moderate to high correlations on intelligibility scores and comprehensibility and accentedness ratings. Approxim ate present slavonic languages there is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages.
That turkish and azerbaijani are closely related languages within the oghuz. Mutual intelligibility between closely related language in europe. Although some betweengroup differences emerged, the groups tended to agree on which of the 48 speakers were the easiest and most difficult to understand. We first present the results of a selection of 1833 listeners representing the mutual intelligibility between young, educated europeans from the same 16 countries where the test languages are spoken. The truth is that the mutual intelligibility in turkic.
Keywords azerbaijani, language understanding, mutual intelligibility. University of groningen mutual intelligibility in the. Mutual intelligibility is a continuum that is, a gradient concept, marked by degrees of intelligibility, not by sharp divisions. Mutual intelligibility between west and south slavic languages. Anecdotally, as a speaker of english and french, i understand about as much spanish as i do frisiansay 5080% as well as the languages in which im fluent. Azerbaijani and turkish are two closelyrelated languages from oguz branch of turkic languages, which are said to be mutually intelligible. Password please register to participate in our discussions with 2 million other members its free and quick. There is no mutual intelligibility throughout the family today. It remains the question of similarity and mutual intelligibility of tajik and persian. Languages of the world department of computer science. Hi, seeing as though icelandic has stood frozen in time since the middle ages and hasnt changed a single bit from old norse, is icelandic mutually intelligible with old english.
For example, speakers of distant arabic dialects tend to say that they do understand each other even when they dont, and speakers of urdu and hindi will say they dont understand each other even when they do. Mutual intelligibility of languages in the slavic family. Last voicesson sesler robert lindsay ma, california state. As for mutual intelligibility, the intra intelligibility of turkic languages is rather like what youd observe within romance, germanic or slavonic. Kyrgyz is a language of the turkic language family and one of the main official languages of kyrgyzstan, the other one being russian.
For many languages it lists other languages which share intelligibility and lexical similarity. The level of mutual intelligibility is not as high as amongst romance or slavic languages, though. The degree to which a speaker of one variety understands the speech of another closely related variety can be expressed in a single number closely related languages. Morphosyntax of mutual intelligibility in the turkic. The turkic languages, with the exception of sakha in siberia, are spoken in a nearly continuous band. Receptive multilingualism and language understanding. Is there a language that is mutually intelligible with. It has a very high degree of mutual intelligibility with azerbaijani, balkan gagauz turkish, gagauz and qashqai, which are all members of. Turkish and azeri are quite similar to the point that a native turk can. Mutual intelligibility between west and south slavic languages 63 1. Most of the languages are pretty close, and its often been said that they are all mutually intelligible, and that you can go from turkey all the way to the yakut region of siberia and be understood the whole way. The main geographic locations of turkic languages are.
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